In "The Life You Save May Be Your Own" by Flannery O'Connor, what bargain is struck between Mr. Shiftlet and Mrs. Crater over her daughter,...

While not explicitly saying so, Mrs. Crater promises her land, a "permanent place" with a "deep well," to Mr. Shiftlet if he will marry Lucynell. It's understood that if he marries the deaf girl he must live on the property and presumably take it over when the old woman dies. Mr. Shiftlet also bargains with her over the terms of the marriage. He makes the argument that his "spirit" is like an automobile and he...

While not explicitly saying so, Mrs. Crater promises her land, a "permanent place" with a "deep well," to Mr. Shiftlet if he will marry Lucynell. It's understood that if he marries the deaf girl he must live on the property and presumably take it over when the old woman dies. Mr. Shiftlet also bargains with her over the terms of the marriage. He makes the argument that his "spirit" is like an automobile and he likes to travel. He wants to take Lucynell to a hotel and buy her a nice meal. Mrs. Crater grudgingly agrees to give Mr. Shiftlet $17.50 for such an excursion. She also gives him money so he can have the old Ford automobile painted and, after the wedding, he loads Lucynell into the car and starts off. Of course, as his name suggests, he cheats Mrs. Crater out of the car and the money, as he ditches Lucynell at a roadside cafe and starts off to Mobile.

`1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + ... (3n - 2) = n/2 (3n - 1)` Use mathematical induction to prove the formula for every positive integer n.

You need to use mathematical induction to prove the formula for every positive integer n, hence, you need to perform the two steps of the method, such that:

Step 1: Basis: Show that the statement P(n) hold for n = 1, such that:

`1 = 1/2*(3*1-1) => 1 =2/2 => 1=1`

Step 2: Inductive step: Show that if P(k) holds, then also P(k + 1) holds:

`P(k): 1 + 4 + 7 + .. + (3k-2) = (k(3k-1))/2 ` holds

`P(k+1):  1 +...

You need to use mathematical induction to prove the formula for every positive integer n, hence, you need to perform the two steps of the method, such that:

Step 1: Basis: Show that the statement P(n) hold for n = 1, such that:

`1 = 1/2*(3*1-1) => 1 =2/2 => 1=1`

Step 2: Inductive step: Show that if P(k) holds, then also P(k + 1) holds:

`P(k): 1 + 4 + 7 + .. + (3k-2) = (k(3k-1))/2 ` holds

`P(k+1):  1 + 4 + 7 + .. + (3k-2) + (3k+1) =  ((k+1)(3k+2))/2`

You need to use induction hypothesis that P(k) holds, hence, you need to re-write the left side, such that:

`(k(3k-1))/2 + (3k+1) = ((k+1)(3k+2))/2`

`3k^2 - k + 6k + 2 = 3k^2 + 2k + 3k + 2`

You need to add the like terms, such that:

`3k^2 + 5k + 2 = 3k^2 + 5k + 2`

Notice that P(k+1) holds.

Hence, since both the basis and the inductive step have been verified, by mathematical induction, the statement `P(n): 1 + 4 + 7 + .. + (3n-2) = (n(3n-1))/2`  holds for all positive integers n.

A major theme in Shakespeare's "Macbeth" is fate vs free will. On one hand, Macbeth was told it was his fate to become Thane of Glamis and Cawdor,...

The question of fate and free will is one which has puzzled philosophers and theologians in the western traditions since Aristotle. In Shakespeare's time, one of the most widely accepted solutions to this conundrum was the one found in Boethius' popular and influential book The Consolation of Philosophy. The key point it makes is the distinction between our point of view and God's point of view.

God exists within eternity, or sacred time, meaning...

The question of fate and free will is one which has puzzled philosophers and theologians in the western traditions since Aristotle. In Shakespeare's time, one of the most widely accepted solutions to this conundrum was the one found in Boethius' popular and influential book The Consolation of Philosophy. The key point it makes is the distinction between our point of view and God's point of view.

God exists within eternity, or sacred time, meaning that he sees all things we would consider past and future in a single glance. In a sense, this means that for God, time does not exist as we think of it; there is no past or future, but everything that ever has happened or will happen is immediately present to him. Thus from God's point of view, everything is "fated" and nothing is contingent. God sees all of Macbeth's life and actions at once, just as I see my entire computer screen at a single glance. The witches, through their magic, have a small glimpse into that future, like a mosquito landing on my computer screen might see one or two letters of an entire webpage. 

In one sense, divine foreknowledge means that from God's point of view, everything is fated and unalterable. Macbeth isn't God, though, and cannot see the future. Macbeth sees himself as making moral choices and as having free will. It is those choices which make him good or evil and the nature of his character that causes him to make those choices. A mundane parallel that might make this easier to understand is ordering pizza. My friends all have foreknowledge that I would never order pizza with anchovies because I dislike the taste of anchovies. Thus my friends could say they have foreknowledge that I will not order anchovy-laden pizza or that I am fated to order anchovy-free pizza. This is not because I lack free will, but rather because I have the sort of character that does not like anchovies. In the same way, Macbeth is free to choose not to kill Duncan, but his character is such that he cannot avoid the path that leads to power. 

What are the major propositions behind Swift's "A Modest Proposal?"

The major proposition behind the "modest proposal" is that Ireland's travails under English rule, namely the dreadful poverty that plagued the island, can be remedied by a simple solution. This solution is, according to Swift, that Irish babies be sold for food. That way, he assures his readers, the children, who are a terrible burden on their families, who are reduced to begging to feed them, will become assets. This shocking proposal is, of course,...

The major proposition behind the "modest proposal" is that Ireland's travails under English rule, namely the dreadful poverty that plagued the island, can be remedied by a simple solution. This solution is, according to Swift, that Irish babies be sold for food. That way, he assures his readers, the children, who are a terrible burden on their families, who are reduced to begging to feed them, will become assets. This shocking proposal is, of course, satirical--Swift is pulling the reader's leg.

His purpose in doing so is serious, however. So the real "proposition" behind "A Modest Proposal" is perhaps that solutions to social problems that do not take actual human lives into account should not be considered. Swift uses statistics and hard economic data to make his case, and indeed if we only considered the solution on this level, it might make sense. But there is more to life, Swift seems to be saying, than economics, and by choosing such an extreme solution with no regard to the obvious moral questions involved, he makes this point very clearly. 

In A Christmas Memory, as friends, what do Buddy and his cousin give to each other, and what do they get in return? In your opinion, why does this...

Buddy and his cousin provide invaluable things to each other during their friendship. Buddy provides a mirror to his cousin’s past. She lost her childhood friend named Buddy, therefore she calls her cousin Buddy. Due to her disabilities she cannot function as a mature adult. Buddy does not judge her; instead he is her truest friend and confidant. They function on a similar level even though, in this memoir, he is only seven years old....

Buddy and his cousin provide invaluable things to each other during their friendship. Buddy provides a mirror to his cousin’s past. She lost her childhood friend named Buddy, therefore she calls her cousin Buddy. Due to her disabilities she cannot function as a mature adult. Buddy does not judge her; instead he is her truest friend and confidant. They function on a similar level even though, in this memoir, he is only seven years old. He is able to accept her quirks, superstitions, and slightly adventurous spirit.

For his part, Buddy receives unconditional love from his cousin, which he does not receive from the other adults in his life. She showers him with attention and teaches him the value of the little things in life such as homemade kites on sunny, windy days and time spent together making Christmas ornaments.

Other people inhabit the house, relatives; and though they have power over us, and frequently make us cry, we are not, on the whole, too much aware of them.

The second part of this question asks for an opinion. In my opinion, the friendship has a lasting impression on Buddy due to its unconditional nature. He does not receive attention or approval from the other adults in his life; therefore he bonds with his cousin as she does with him. When he is sent away to military school, she provides the link to the only home he knew by writing to him. Although the news she provides is mundane, it is what he needs to stay connected. Their bond is so close that Buddy instinctively knows when his friend dies. They fulfill a void in each other other’s lives.

What are two advantages of using medical terminology in healthcare?

1) Medical terminology allows things to be described in the most precise way possible. In healthcare, there are a number of factors that are essential to know during a diagnosis – what the ailment is, what type of ailment, the location of the ailment, etc. For example: myelodysplasia tells you what it is (plasia = development, dys = abnormal, hence myelodysplasia = abnormal development) and where it is (the prefix myelo= spinal cord,...

1) Medical terminology allows things to be described in the most precise way possible. In healthcare, there are a number of factors that are essential to know during a diagnosis – what the ailment is, what type of ailment, the location of the ailment, etc. For example: myelodysplasia tells you what it is (plasia = development, dys = abnormal, hence myelodysplasia = abnormal development) and where it is (the prefix myelo = spinal cord, hence myelodysplasia = abnormal development of the spinal cord). 

2) Of course, it won’t help if you try to describe something using terms you made up! Medical terminology establishes universal terms in healthcare. Let’s say, for example, a doctor refers you to another doctor – the second doctor will easily be able to understand your patient history, because everyone uses the same terms. This allows the information to be readily understood and minimizes confusion.

Why does light move in waves?

Light does not "move" in waves. Light IS an electromagnetic wave, or electromagnetic radiation, which is created by the changing electric and magnetic fields. These, in turn, can be created by accelerating electric charges, alternating electric currents, and changes in the structure of atoms or nuclei of atoms.

The reason why electromagnetic radiation propagates, or moves (for example, a wire with alternating current in one place creates electric and magnetic fields that travel through the surrounding space and...

Light does not "move" in waves. Light IS an electromagnetic wave, or electromagnetic radiation, which is created by the changing electric and magnetic fields. These, in turn, can be created by accelerating electric charges, alternating electric currents, and changes in the structure of atoms or nuclei of atoms.

The reason why electromagnetic radiation propagates, or moves (for example, a wire with alternating current in one place creates electric and magnetic fields that travel through the surrounding space and induce a current in a wire far away), is described by Maxwell's equations. These are the four laws of electric and magnetic fields:

• Gauss' Law: Stationary electric charges create an electric field


• Magnetic charges, or monopoles, do not exist.


• Faraday's Law: Changing magnetic flux creates an electric field.


• Ampere's Law: Magnetic field is created by moving charges, or currents. Maxwell made an addition to that law that states that magnetic field can also be created by changing electric flux. He suggested this from theoretical considerations, but this fact was later confirmed experimentally. Because this addition resulted in the realization that light is an electromagnetic wave, the four laws together are named after Maxwell.

The solution of these for laws, of equations, is an electromagnetic wave that propagates with a certain speed, which depends on the electromagnetic properties of the medium. In the vacuum, this speed happens to be `3*10^8` m/s, which was already known, at the time of Maxwell, to be the speed at which the light travels. This led to the understanding that light is a propagation of electromagnetic field.

The visible light is the electromagnetic wave with the wavelength somewhere between about 400 and 700 nanometers (a nanometer is a one-billionth of a meter.) This is a very narrow part of an entire electromagnetic spectrum, which ranges from the waves with the wavelength of several kilometers, such as radio waves, to the gamma rays, which have the wavelength of a few Fermi ( `10^(-15)`  of a meter).

Please read more about the phenomena that demonstrate the wave-like nature of light on the referenced website.

What were the four major goals of the Progressive Movement?

The Progressive Movement had several goals. One goal was to get the average person more involved in politics. Through a series of reforms, politics was changed. The 17th amendment allowed people to directly elect their United States Senators instead of having them chosen by the state legislature. The recall allowed people to remove an elected from office before his or her term was up if that person wasn’t doing what he or she was supposed to do. The referendum gave people a say on proposed laws. With a binding referendum, the vote of the people was final. The initiative allowed people to be able to get their elected officials to introduce their ideas into a proposed law.

The Progressive Movement wanted to control the actions of big businesses. There was a concern that big businesses had too much power. By using the Sherman Antitrust Act, President Roosevelt and President Taft broke up many big corporations. The Clayton Antitrust Act prevented businesses from doing unfair business practices such as charging different prices to different customers. It also gave unions the legal right to form.

Helping workers was another goal of the movement. Workers had no compensation if they were injured on the job. That changed with the development of worker compensation laws. Workers faced unsafe and unhealthy conditions in factories. Health and safety regulations were developed during the Progressive Era. For example, fire escapes couldn’t be locked while workers were on the job. Laws were passed to regulate child labor. Kids weren’t allowed to work in certain industries under a certain age. Children were also required to attend school. Workers often worked long hours each day. Railroad workers got an eight-hour day with the passage of the Adamson Act.

Laws were passed to protect consumers. The Meat Inspection Act required the federal government to inspect and to approve meat before it could be sold. The Pure Food and Drug Act made it illegal for companies to sell improperly labeled food and medicine. These laws were designed to protect consumers and to deal with dishonest business methods.

The Progressive Movement had many goals. These goals were designed to protect the average person in many areas of life.

How are the theory and art of the short story defined?

The fictional form of short story was defined by Edgar Allan Poe, who felt people were sometimes too distracted by "worldly interests" to read novels. Poe thought a shorter form of narrative concentrated upon a single, powerful impression would hold the reader's interest, and, in fact, be the best type of fiction.

Of course, the short story shares with other forms of fiction the basic elements of plot, characterization, point of view, setting, symbols, theme,...

The fictional form of short story was defined by Edgar Allan Poe, who felt people were sometimes too distracted by "worldly interests" to read novels. Poe thought a shorter form of narrative concentrated upon a single, powerful impression would hold the reader's interest, and, in fact, be the best type of fiction.

Of course, the short story shares with other forms of fiction the basic elements of plot, characterization, point of view, setting, symbols, theme, and tone. But because the short story is so concentrated, its settings are restricted, there are a limited number of characters, its plot has a narrow range of action, and there are usually only one or two themes. Sometimes an author places emphasis upon just one of these fictional elements. For instance, Poe often focused his tales upon an unreliable narrator/character. This skewered point of view frequently affects other story elements such as the story's tone, plot, and character development. Thus, in Poe's writings (and in those of other authors, as well, who may focus on another particular element), the short story is further distinguished from longer forms of fictions by its unity of the essential story elements. If the short story is executed successfully, these occur at once in the tale, creating the powerful impression desired. This effect, along with its brevity, have come to make the short story a very popular literary form.

What does the narrator say when he is crazy in "The Tell-Tale Heart"?

The narrator actually spends a great deal of time assuring us that he is notcrazy in this story. He thinks that we will assume that he is insane, and so he is quick to defend himself against the charge. He enjoins us to see how "healthily" and "calmly" he can tell us his story. He says, "You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing." He believes that he is very intelligent, very purposeful, and very...

The narrator actually spends a great deal of time assuring us that he is not crazy in this story. He thinks that we will assume that he is insane, and so he is quick to defend himself against the charge. He enjoins us to see how "healthily" and "calmly" he can tell us his story. He says, "You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing." He believes that he is very intelligent, very purposeful, and very measured, and he thinks these qualities are somehow at odds with mental illness; he doesn't see that he can be all of these things and still be ill.

Moreover, the narrator doesn't recognize that wanting to kill a sweet old man because he has a weird eyeball would also be considered the action of an ill person. He doesn't see that mistaking the beating of his own heart for the beating heart of a man across the room, or, later, a dead man, is a sign of illness.  The narrator assures us that what we think is mental illness is actually "but over-acuteness of the sense[s]." In other words, he thinks that he is just very sensitive and attentive to detail, not that he is insane. Further, he seeks to convince us that he is not mad by pointing out "the wise precautions [he] took for the concealment of the [old man's] body." He takes great pride in his plans and likewise believes that they prove his sanity. The narrator does not realize that he is mad, but he is, and this story is representative of his madness and delusion.

How does Duncan reward Macbeth for his bravery in defeating the rebels?

King Duncan rewards Macbeth's bravery with a promotion.

In Act I scene ii, a "bloody sergeant" tells King Duncan that Macbeth bravely slew Macdonwald, the leader of the rebels, by slicing him from navel to chin and beheading him: "Till he unseam'd him from the nave to the chaps, / And fix'd his head upon our battlements." Unseamed means cut open; from the nave to the chaps means from the navel to the chin; fixed his headmeans stuck his...

King Duncan rewards Macbeth's bravery with a promotion.

In Act I scene ii, a "bloody sergeant" tells King Duncan that Macbeth bravely slew Macdonwald, the leader of the rebels, by slicing him from navel to chin and beheading him: "Till he unseam'd him from the nave to the chaps, / And fix'd his head upon our battlements." Unseamed means cut open; from the nave to the chaps means from the navel to the chin; fixed his head means stuck his head; upon our battlements means on our fort's wall.

Later in the same scene, the Thane of Ross shows up and informs the king that the Thane of Cawdor is a traitor and was helping the rebels: "Assisted by that most disloyal traitor / The Thane of Cawdor...." The scene concludes with Duncan telling Ross to execute the traitor and give his title, Thane of Cawdor, to Macbeth.

This is how Macbeth realizes that the three witches' prophesy is true and later decides to kill the king. In Act I scene iii, The three witches meet Macbeth and Banquo on the battlefield and tell Macbeth that he will be Thane of Cawdor and then King of Scotland:

FIRST WITCH: All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, Thane of Glamis!

SECOND WITCH: All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, Thane of
Cawdor!

THIRD WITCH: All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter!

Macbeth is currently the Thane of Glamis, but he does not believe he will become Thane of Cawdor and then king: "...to be King / Stands not within the prospect of belief, / No more than to be Cawdor" until he is informed that he has been promoted to Thane of Cawdor. In a way and without knowing it, by promoting Macbeth King Duncan has started the chain of events that will lead to his own death.

These quotes were taken from ' text on Macbeth, which you can read . The text has a modern English translation and annotations to make it easier to understand. 

What does William Shakespeare mean by "If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ nor no man ever loved"?

These lines are from the couplet of Shakespeare's sonnet 116, Let me not to the marriage of true minds ...

Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Admit impediments. Love is not love
Which alters when it alteration finds,
Or bends with the remover to remove:
O no; it is an ever-fixed mark, 
That looks on tempests, and is never shaken;
It is the star to every wandering bark,
Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken.
Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks 
Within his bending sickle's compass come; 
Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, 
But bears it out even to the edge of doom.
   If this be error and upon me proved,
   I never writ, nor no man ever loved. 

The last two lines serve as an affirmation to the truth of what the speaker says throughout the poem.

The sonnet's theme is the nature of true love. The speaker states in the first two lines that he will accept or admit that there is, in the union of those who share a similar sentiment, i.e. love, any hurdle or barrier to taint such a love.

To confirm this statement he says that true love is unalterable and does not change, either because of circumstances or that the ones who so love are transformed in some way or another. Such love is permanently fixed and does not alter even when death (the remover) or some other unfortunate circumstance either removes or attempts to remove the one who is the object of such love.

This love can withstand any storm as a lighthouse does and retains its position. He uses a metaphor equating this love to a star that provides guidance to any ship that might have lost its way. Its true value can never be measured even though one can, in a literal sense, measure the height of a lighthouse or even guess at the distance of a star.

Furthermore, a love like this is not affected by the vagaries of time (equated here also with death) even though one may age and lose luster and vitality. This love does not adapt when times change - it is forever constant and it is able to survive until the end of time itself.

Finally, in the rhyming couplet, he states that if he is mistaken in his belief and his error is proved, then he has never written and no man has ever loved. This, of course, emphasizes the truth of what he believes for, he has written and men (and women) have loved. On this basis then, it is impossible to challenge his opinion.

Why was the killing of Harrison Bergeron so significant? Did Harrison have to die for the sake of society?

In Kurt Vonnegut's 1961 short story "Harrison Bergeron," the title character is murdered at the end of the story. The killer is Diana Moon Glampers, the Handicapper General responsible for ensuring that everyone in the United States is equal to one another. Harrison's death is significant because it shows the measures an authoritarian government will take to ensure its own survival.

When Harrison takes over the television studio, he states his intent to overthrow the government...

In Kurt Vonnegut's 1961 short story "Harrison Bergeron," the title character is murdered at the end of the story. The killer is Diana Moon Glampers, the Handicapper General responsible for ensuring that everyone in the United States is equal to one another. Harrison's death is significant because it shows the measures an authoritarian government will take to ensure its own survival.

When Harrison takes over the television studio, he states his intent to overthrow the government that has tried to dull his intelligence, strength, and even good looks. He encourages the musicians and ballerinas in the studio to cast off their handicaps. His murder at the end of the story comes as a surprise to most first-time readers, but is not illogical considering the government he lives under.

Each handicap, whether Harrison's three-hundred pounds of extra weight, or his father's ear radio, represents a level of oppression. When nothing works to dull Harrison, the government employs its most extreme handicap: death. Though execution of dissidents is common in authoritarian societies, Vonnegut used Diana Moon Glampers as the executioner rather than a nameless police officer or soldier. By having the person responsible for handicapping American citizens pull the trigger, Vonnegut makes Diana Moon Glampers a symbol for the entire government.

According to Mazower, what have been the primary issues facing Europe in the 20th century?

Dark Continent by Mark Mazower argues that while postcolonialism is often seen as an issue affecting the lives of countries that lived under and escaped from colonial rule, it should also be understood as shaping the evolution of Europe. He argues that as Conrad pointed out in his famous novel, Heart of Darkness, Europeans not only found darkness in Africa but brought their own darkness with them. 

Rather than seeing the social and political...

Dark Continent by Mark Mazower argues that while postcolonialism is often seen as an issue affecting the lives of countries that lived under and escaped from colonial rule, it should also be understood as shaping the evolution of Europe. He argues that as Conrad pointed out in his famous novel, Heart of Darkness, Europeans not only found darkness in Africa but brought their own darkness with them. 

Rather than seeing the social and political conflicts that tore Europe apart as anomalies as Europe marched on a continuous path towards the Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and democracy, instead Mazower sees the rise of authoritarian regimes and internecine wars as part of the inevitable logic of late capitalist imperialism. 

He argues that the forces of tribalism, ethnocentrism, and xenophobia have remained important in Europe, and that authoritarian regimes rose in response to these forces and succeeded by promising their people security and prosperity. He argues that these these forces remain endemic in European culture, as reflected by the rise of far right parties and the forms of tribalism that still make many European nations fissiparous, including Catalan and Basque separatism, the ongoing tensions between Flemish and Walloons in Belgium, and a general inability to assimilate minorities, whether Romani or immigrant, in many European cultures. 

In Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest, how does the following quote demonstrate his transitioning away from the Victorian period, and...

In Oscar Wilde’s play The Importance of Being Earnest, food symbolizes the appetite for power. Prior to this concluding scene in Act III, there are two other important “food scenes” that help elucidate the textual implications of this humorous muffin confrontation. First, in Act I, Scene I, Algernon Moncrieff has his butler prepare a tray of cucumber sandwiches and bread and butter for his afternoon tea with Lady Bracknell and her daughter, Gwendolen Fairfax. During the meeting, Algernon absentmindedly devours all of the sandwiches, and when Jack Worthing arrives to court Gwendolen, Jack devours all of the bread and butter, at which Algernon states, “You behave as if you were married to her already.” Thus, the voracious eating of food symbolizes a repressed sexual appetite, and the confrontation of the two men over the food represents their struggle for dominance over the situation.

Similarly, in Act II, Cecily and Gwendolen show passive aggressiveness towards each other over their garden tea. Cecily offers Gwendolen sugar for her tea, but Gwendolen states, “[Superciliously.] No, thank you. Sugar is not fashionable any more.” And when Cecily offers her cake or bread and butter, Gwendolen answers, “Bread and butter, please. Cake is rarely seen at the best houses nowadays.” In response to this, Cecily serves Gwendolen a large slice of cake. Thus, food in this scene represents social power, as certain items designate a particular social status.

Therefore, Wilde's commentary on Victorian ideals in the final muffin scene is an exposition of sexual and social power. During this scene, Gwendolen and Cecily leave both Algernon and Jack because the men have been deceitful. In response, both men devour the muffins, and Algernon explains that eating is the only thing that comforts him in times like these: “When I am in trouble, eating is the only thing that consoles me.” The eating of the muffins can be perceived as sexual frustration, for both women have left their potential suitors. The Victorian era witnessed a period of stringent sexual repression. Victorian manners were prudish in nature and sexual feelings were not expressed nor publicly made known. Thus, Wilde’s association of gluttony with sexual appetite moves away from traditional Victorian ideals because he brings to the forefront these sexual desires. Yet, on another level, he does so metaphorically—the eating of the muffins symbolizes this thwarted sexual appetite. So while he does explore sexuality, he does so in an insidious manner that still upholds Victorian ideals.

Also, if the muffins metaphorically symbolize the women, then the argument can be made that the women are reduced to objects or commodities—a rampant feature of the Victorian patriarchal society. During the Victorian era, women were perceived as inferior to men, and many marriages were arranged in accordance with economic gain.  Men were considered the head of the house and owned all the property at home, including women and children. The idea that the women are objects to be consumed is further supported by Algernon’s accusation of Jack: “Jack, you are at the muffins again! I wish you wouldn’t. There are only two left. [Takes them.] I told you I was particularly fond of muffins.” Here, the fact that only two muffins are left, and Algernon’s confession of being “fond of muffins,” again aligns with the notion that the muffins symbolize the two women. Thus, the confrontation between Jack and Algernon demonstrates this objectification of the women and their desire for social control over the lives of their “property”—a prominent Victorian theme.

What colors or elements of nature does the Friar discuss in his monologue?

Friar Lawrence delivers a monologue (a speech that he says aloud to just himself -- so, really, a speech given directly to the audience) in Act II, Scene 3, before Romeo walks in. The Friar talks a little more, finishing up his monologue, and then greets Romeo. This whole monologue is about nature, especially the power of natural herbs to heal and hurt the body.

He starts by talking about the clouds, the sun and its morning light, and the dew, as well as the disappearing night:

"The gray-eyed morn smiles on the frowning night,

Checkering the eastern clouds with streaks of light,

And fleckled darkness like a drunkard reels

From forth day’s path and Titan’s fiery wheels.

Now, ere the sun advance his burning eye,

The day to cheer and night’s dank dew to dry,"

Then he talks about filling up the basket he's carrying with both poisonous weeds and healing flowers:

"I must upfill this osier cage of ours

With baleful weeds and precious-juicèd flowers."

Next, he compares the earth to a grave and a mother's womb. He talks more about the herbs that come out of the earth, which, like children, are both useful and diverse:

"The earth, that’s nature’s mother, is her tomb.

What is her burying, grave that is her womb.

And from her womb children of divers kind

We sucking on her natural bosom find,

Many for many virtues excellent,

None but for some and yet all different."

He mentions the power and grace of "herbs, plants, [and] stones," and then says that any herb growing in the earth that seems poisonous also has some good quality, but that helpful herbs can also be used for harm:

"For naught so vile that on the earth doth live

But to the earth some special good doth give.

Nor aught so good but, strained from that fair use

Revolts from true birth, stumbling on abuse."

After Romeo comes in, as if finishing his thoughts, the Friar gives an example of a plant with both good and bad qualities. He talks about a particular flower he's holding, saying it can either be poison or medicine depending on whether you smell it or taste it:

"Within the infant rind of this small flower

Poison hath residence and medicine power.

For this, being smelt, with that part cheers each part;

Being tasted, stays all senses with the heart."

Although the Friar mentions many descriptions of shade and light (such as darkness and murkiness), the only color he directly mentions is gray:

"The gray-eyed morn smiles on the frowning night"

That's how the Friar starts his monologue. What he's really saying is that the sun is rising because it's early morning, but he's expressing that thought by imagining that the morning, which has gray eyes, is smiling at the night, which frowns.

Mentioning that the morning has gray eyes focused on the outgoing nighttime, and observing "streaks of light" and "fleckled darkness" helps the Friar express the dual, competing elements of nature, which is appropriate considering how he keeps coming back to the idea that all herbs (and people) have both good and bad inside them.

All of this figurative speech about nature -- especially the reverence with which he shows the natural world -- helps to characterize the Friar as an unusually insightful character, deeply connected to the earth, and knowledgeable about ways to heal and poison people. 

In the book American Nations, describe some important incident, historical figure, cultural value, or movement Woodard mentions that you knew...

In American Nations, Colin Woodard asserts that there are 11 separate cultural regions within the United States. There are many features of these regional cultures and what helped define them that might be unfamiliar to the reader.

For example, in the section on New Netherland, Woodard discusses how New York City was affected by Dutch ideas, including tolerance of diversity. As the Dutch were leaders in world trade at the time they founded New...

In American Nations, Colin Woodard asserts that there are 11 separate cultural regions within the United States. There are many features of these regional cultures and what helped define them that might be unfamiliar to the reader.

For example, in the section on New Netherland, Woodard discusses how New York City was affected by Dutch ideas, including tolerance of diversity. As the Dutch were leaders in world trade at the time they founded New Netherland, the city became a center of trade, which led to multiculturalism, a commitment to freedom of thought, and an emphasis on materialism. These values have affected New York City, as it is still a center of publishing, culture, and the arts, and it is also a magnet for immigrants from around the world. Woodard also discusses the cultural values that have defined other regions such as Yankeedom (today's New England), founded by Calvinists. Their emphasis on perfecting the world led them to champion reform movements and to concentrate on fields such as government and education. These values have been important in creating reform movements that have changed the country, such as abolitionism. Reading about the founding of each region helps the reader understand how they've developed and what their current cultures are like. 

How did Bryon feel about the girls that he had dated and what did he reveal about them?

Bryon says that he has a reputation as a "lady killer" and has always been successful at hooking up with girls. He mentions that he has got himself into some difficult positions with boyfriends that he didn't even know existed. Bryon also says that he has told numerous girls that he loved them before when he really didn't, and comments that his dates with Angela, his ex-girlfriend, either ended in make-out sessions or fights....

Bryon says that he has a reputation as a "lady killer" and has always been successful at hooking up with girls. He mentions that he has got himself into some difficult positions with boyfriends that he didn't even know existed. Bryon also says that he has told numerous girls that he loved them before when he really didn't, and comments that his dates with Angela, his ex-girlfriend, either ended in make-out sessions or fights. In Chapter 3, Bryon takes Cathy to the school dance, and they both run into Angela. Bryon is shocked to find out that Cathy is not intimidated or jealous of Angela at all. Byron says that Cathy was the first person he's dated who wasn't scared that some other chick would show her up. In Chapter 7, Bryon says that he remembered all the trouble that Angela had caused, as well as her dramatic, unfriendly family. Bryon resents Angela, and she makes him feel sick to his stomach. Cathy is nothing like the girls he used to date because she is innocent and down to earth.

Bryon's ex-girlfriends are confrontational, have low self-esteem, and are generally immoral individuals. They cheat on their boyfriends, are easily seduced by Mark and believe every word he says. After meeting Cathy, Bryon has no motivation to be involved with them anymore and regrets being with them in the first place.

Jean Rhys has constructed a Caribbean where racial identities are ambiguous and unstable. What are some scenes from the book where Daniel Cosway...

Daniel Cosway (the illigitimate son of Alexander Cosway) illustrates several different ways in which racial identitites in the Carribean (specifically within the Cosway family) are unstable and ambiguous. In the second part of the novel, Daniel writes to Rochester in an attempt to alienate him from Antoinette by enumerating all of the transgressions of the Cosway family. To demonstrate this, Daniel points to the fact that the Cosways were “wicked and detestable slave-owners” (96). The irony in this context is that Cosway himself married a woman of mixed race (Anette, Antoinette's mother) and subsequently had several bastard children with other Caribbean women. Daniel Cosway, his son, personifies the very instability and ambiguity because he occupies a hybrid space of being Jamaican and also being white.

In another scene, we see how Daniel's hatred for whites has helped shape an unstable racial identity. It is not surprising that Daniel detests white people – at least according to Antoinette. “He hates all white people, but he hates me the most,” she tells Rochester. He tells lies about us and he is sure that you will believe him and not listen to the other side” (120). Even though Antoinette tries to invalidate Daniel's position, there is a grain of truth to his possible hatred towards “white people.” After all, his own white father disowned him, which compelled alienation and instability insofar as his own racial identity is concerned.

Lastly, after Rochester reads one of the letters, Amelie (one of Annette's former servants) describes Daniel as “a very superior man, always reading the Bible,” who lived like a “white person” because he had a house with a sitting room in it (126). The contradiction between Daniel's alleged hatred and simultaneous affinity for living like a “white person” also points to his own unstable racial identity. Again, we see a character who occupies a space where their identity cannot be easily defined, either internally or externally.

Rhys, Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. New York: Norton, 1992. Print.

Can you please explain 'Ontogeny recapitulates Phylogeny'?

Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny is credited to Ernst Haeckel. The theory has been discredited since its development. Ontogeny is a word used to refer to the changes in size and shape that occur during the embryological development of an organism. Phylogeny refers to evolutionary history (think of an evolutionary tree that shows the branching pattern of species evolution over time).  According to Haeckel, the developmental changes that occur in an embryo before birth mimic the adult...

Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny is credited to Ernst Haeckel. The theory has been discredited since its development. Ontogeny is a word used to refer to the changes in size and shape that occur during the embryological development of an organism. Phylogeny refers to evolutionary history (think of an evolutionary tree that shows the branching pattern of species evolution over time).  According to Haeckel, the developmental changes that occur in an embryo before birth mimic the adult forms of the ancestors of an "advanced" organism, with early stages resembling the adult forms of the most distant ancestors. His theory also contends that, over time, developmental stages are added leading to speciation and branching of the phylogenetic tree. So, if you were to track an embryo of an organism at the top of a phylogenetic tree, the stages of development would resemble (or at least share some characteristics with) the adult forms of all of the species in the path of that species' evolution, starting with the species at the bottom of the tree and working up toward the focal species. One example would be the pharyngeal slits or folds that are visible during human development. Haeckel claimed that they were reminiscent of the gills of fish which share a distant relative with humans. Haeckel supported his idea with drawings, but has been found to have overemphasized structures supporting his theory.

The updated version of the theory contends only that during development, species go through similar developmental processes constrained by shared gene complexes (for example, Hox genes). If you view developing embryos of mammals, for example, you will see that the stages of development progress in the same order. This is controlled by genetics and demonstrates that all mammals have a common ancestor that also had the same sets of developmental genes.

Explain how the Supreme Court justified the practice of segregating railroad passengers in Louisiana by race.

The Supreme Court case of Plessy v Ferguson was a very important one. Homer Plessy, a black man, sued because he claimed his rights were violated. He felt he should be able to sit in any railroad car. The state court in Louisiana ruled that the concept of “separate but equal” was legal. It was acceptable for separate railroad cars, based on race, to exist in Louisiana.

This case was appealed to the Supreme Court....

The Supreme Court case of Plessy v Ferguson was a very important one. Homer Plessy, a black man, sued because he claimed his rights were violated. He felt he should be able to sit in any railroad car. The state court in Louisiana ruled that the concept of “separate but equal” was legal. It was acceptable for separate railroad cars, based on race, to exist in Louisiana.

This case was appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court upheld the ruling of the state court. The Supreme Court ruled that the “separate but equal” concept did not violate Homer Plessy’s rights. The Supreme Court ruled that this concept didn’t conflict with the 13th amendment that banned slavery. The Supreme Court said separation of the races did not suggest that any race was legally better or more important than any other race. The Supreme Court believed the 14th amendment was designed to prevent people from from legal inequality, not social inequality. In this case, the Supreme Court felt that Homer Plessy was treated as legally equal and, therefore, found no violation of the equal protection clause.

This “separate but equal” concept remained in effect until it was overturned in the Brown v Board of Education case in 1954.

What happens when food is digested too quickly?

From the moment we put food into our mouths, it takes about thirty to fifty hours for the digestive process to complete. Depending on age and biological sex, the duration of the digestive process can vary. Food spends hours being processed in the stomach, small, and large intestines before being eliminated as waste. In the stomach alone, it may take six to eight hours for food to be processed before passing on to the small...

From the moment we put food into our mouths, it takes about thirty to fifty hours for the digestive process to complete. Depending on age and biological sex, the duration of the digestive process can vary. Food spends hours being processed in the stomach, small, and large intestines before being eliminated as waste. In the stomach alone, it may take six to eight hours for food to be processed before passing on to the small intestine. This sounds like a long time, especially when we spend just seconds chewing our food. It is very important that food spend adequate time in each of the digestive organs to properly break down and utilize the nutrients in our food.

If someone's digestive tract moves too quickly, foods may not be broken down properly. This person may then see pieces of food in their stool. Additionally, food that isn't broken down well isn't properly used by the body. All of the proteins, carbohydrates, and fats of food have to be transformed by stomach acid, bile, and bowel activity in order for our bodies to really use those nutrients. If someone experiences too-fast digestion, they may become malnourished because their body isn't making proper use of the food they eat.

Where does Mathilde live in the story "The Necklace"?

Mathilde lives in Paris, where her husband is employed as a clerk at the Ministry of Public Instruction. Maupassant offers a description of their humble flat.

She was distressed at the poverty of her dwelling, at the bareness of the walls, at the shabby chairs, the ugliness of the curtains.

He also specifies the location:

[Their cab] took them to their dwelling in the Rue des Martyrs, and sadly they mounted the stairs to their flat. 

...

Mathilde lives in Paris, where her husband is employed as a clerk at the Ministry of Public Instruction. Maupassant offers a description of their humble flat.

She was distressed at the poverty of her dwelling, at the bareness of the walls, at the shabby chairs, the ugliness of the curtains.

He also specifies the location:

[Their cab] took them to their dwelling in the Rue des Martyrs, and sadly they mounted the stairs to their flat. 

The Rue des Martyrs is not far from the Louvre. It is a respectable middle-class area. However, after they have borrowed eighteen thousand francs to help pay for the lost diamond necklace, they are forced to economize in every possible way.

Thereafter Madame Loisel knew the horrible existence of the needy. She bore her part, however, with sudden heroism. That dreadful debt must be paid. She would pay it. They dismissed their servant; they changed their lodgings; they rented a garret under the roof.

She would probably have to walk up and down as many as six flights of stairs. The garret would be stifling hot in the summer and freezing in the winter. It would make their former flat in the Rue des Martyrs seem luxurious by contrast. They had no running water, so she had to carry buckets of water up and down all those stairs. Naturally they would have been ashamed to have any guests visit them in their new quarters, so she must have led a lonely existence. She would lose whatever friends she had before and would not want to make new acquaintances among the women who lived around her. The garret was probably in a run-down neighborhood on the Left Bank. She became hardened because of the struggle for existence in such quarters, but Maupassant states:

But sometimes, when her husband was at the office, she sat down near the window and she thought of that gay evening of long ago, of that ball where she had been so beautiful and so admired.

It takes the Loisels ten years to pay off all their debts with the accumulating interest—and then Mathilde learns that the lost necklace was a fake!

How did Jane Austen portray marriage in Emma? Provide some examples.

Austen portrays marriage as patriarchal in Emma, but also as an important way for women to achieve social and economic status and security. The novel opens with Mr. Woodhouse grieving the marriage of Emma's governess, Miss Taylor, which audiences at the time would have understood as a comic response. For a governess to marry was considered a stroke of good fortune, similar to winning the lottery, not a situation to mourn. As Mr. Knightley...

Austen portrays marriage as patriarchal in Emma, but also as an important way for women to achieve social and economic status and security. The novel opens with Mr. Woodhouse grieving the marriage of Emma's governess, Miss Taylor, which audiences at the time would have understood as a comic response. For a governess to marry was considered a stroke of good fortune, similar to winning the lottery, not a situation to mourn. As Mr. Knightley says, Miss Taylor has gone from having two people to please as governess (Mr. Woodhouse and Emma) to only one, her new husband--and she becomes the mistress of her own home, a great improvement over being a servant (however high ranking) in another person's.

Marriage likewise is a preferable alternative to governessing for Jane Fairfax, who likens becoming a governess, her fate as a poor but well-educated woman, to slavery. We see how important it is to Jane's status and security that Frank Churchill marry her. Austen, however, leaves us wondering how that marriage will work out, since self-centered Frank seems to regard Jane as a possession, a beautiful neck on which he can hang the family jewels.

Marriage to Mr. Martin is seen as a better state for Harriet Smith than remaining a parlor boarder at Mrs. Goddard's. Likewise, we have every reason to believe that the paternal Mr. Knightley will reign in Emma once they are married. They are likely to have a marriage of mutual esteem, which to Austen is the best basis for a successful partnership through life. Women who marry men of character, such as Mr. Knightley or Mr. Martin are likely to fare better than those who end up with a Frank Churchill.

Austen clearly understands that marriage is more or less than only viable alternative for women in her society. 

Was Manifest Destiny wrong, or was it our right as Americans to go from sea to shining sea?

There are two ways to look at the concept of Manifest Destiny. One way was very supportive of this policy while the other view felt it was wrong for us to follow this policy.

Manifest Destiny is a term that describes the growth and expansion of our country. There were people who believed it was our duty or destiny to spread from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and to control and develop this...

There are two ways to look at the concept of Manifest Destiny. One way was very supportive of this policy while the other view felt it was wrong for us to follow this policy.

Manifest Destiny is a term that describes the growth and expansion of our country. There were people who believed it was our duty or destiny to spread from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and to control and develop this land. These people argued that it was part of G-d’s plan for this to happen. They believed our way of life was better than anybody else’s way of life. They argued that G-d put us here to spread our way of living.

Other people believed no group of people ever had a right to any area of land, especially if that land belonged to somebody else. They argued that is was wrong for us to take away the land on which the Native Americans lived. They believed we had no right to impose our way of living or our way of doing things on another group of people. They felt that it was wrong for the United States to expand at the expense of other countries or other groups of people.

To what extent does Miller present Willy Loman as a man with the "wrong dream" in Death of a Salesman?

Death of a Salesman is about success or failure in the pursuit of the American Dream. The American Dream arose among immigrants who initially went to America to escape oppressive or difficult situations, with the promise that anyone could work hard and succeed in America. Class didn't matter. Uneducated working-class people sailed to America with thirty-four dollars in their pockets and the clothes on their backs and became millionaires. The basic goals of the American Dream were to work hard and be able to provide a home, necessities, and better futures for your children through education, to have a car and a TV and to keep up with your neighbours. 

Willy Loman seems to have a vague drive to pursue the American Dream, but it seems his main goal is to be a man who is "well-liked." His son Biff is a drop-out unable to find steady work, his house is in disrepair, he is not able to buy a new pair of stockings for his wife, and when he goes to ask for a new job that won't require traveling, he is fired, but from Willy's perspective, his biggest problem seems to be that he is not as well-liked as his successful brother Ben or his successful colleague, Dave Singleman. In a flashback memory sequence, Willy is talking to Biff about his friend Bernard, and he says, "Be liked and you will never want. You take me, for instance. I never have to wait in line to see a buyer. »Willy Loman is here!« That’s all they have to know, and I go right through." Bernard grows up to be wildly successful, while Biff becomes a dropout with no career, but Willy still seems to think that being well-liked is the most important goal for a good career.

Willy also carries guilt over an affair he had in Boston. He loves his wife and she has always been nothing but supportive and loyal towards him, so why would he have an affair? It was because being with the other woman made him feel well-liked. In a flashback, The Woman says, "Me? You didn’t make me, Willy. I picked you." Willy is delighted that The Woman picked him. She says that he has a good sense of humour and that they have a good time together. This makes Willy feel that he is popular and well-liked in Boston. There are so many salesmen going through the Boston office, but The Woman singled him out and picked him.

I hope this answers your question. If you want more information about Death of a Salesman, click . 

On page 246, why is Circe so incensed when Milkman offers to give her money so that she can leave the Butler house? What does Milkman’s offer and...

Circe becomes angry when Milkman offers to give her money so that she can leave the Butlers' house because it isn't lack of money that is keeping her there. When he suggests that the reason she doesn't leave is that she's poor, he insults her by implying that she has no other reason to stay and that she has no power over her own situation. She says, "'You think I don't know how to walk when I want to walk?'" and her voice is cold because he so completely misunderstands her motives and treats her with pity when she feels empowered. If she wanted to leave, she says, she would leave.

However, Milkman further mistakes Circe's staying as a sign of her loyalty to "'those white folks [...]," the Butlers. Circe explains that it isn't loyalty; in fact, she is bitter that Mrs. Butler actually killed herself because she couldn't stomach the idea of having to do for herself the work that Circe had done for her entire life. Mrs. Butler was ashamed at her reduced circumstances, and most especially at having to lay off her servants, and she just couldn't bear to let Circe go because she would rather die "'than live like [Circe]." Now, Circe stays so that she can "'see it all go, make sure it does go, and that nobody fixes it up. [She] brought the dogs in to make sure." Circe wants to see, once and for all, that the house is destroyed and that no one comes in and tries to save it. The Butlers "loved this place" so much and it represents all of their corruption and selfishness; Circe cleaned it for years and years, and she takes pleasure in the fact that now it can be reduced to disgusting ruins and she will never clean it again. She finally has some power here as she is the only one left, and she can make the decision to watch everything the Butlers cared about crumble to dust.

As far as Milkman's character, his offer of money to Circe shows us just how much it plays a role in his motivations. He will do or not do depending on the money. He will rob his aunt or travel all over the country, for money. He won't do much else if it doesn't pay. Money, at least for now, makes Milkman tick, and so he assumes everyone else feels the same (consider his gift of money to Hagar, a gift that literally drives her crazy).

In A Raisin in the Sun, how does Ruth handle Walter's rudeness?

In A Raisin in the Sun, Ruth handles Walter's rudeness with emotional support.

Similar to her Biblical namesake, Hansberry constructs Ruth as a supportive and caring figure who handles Walter's rudeness.  Ruth does not contradict her husband when he is rude to her or her family.  Rather, she counters it with support, love, and devotion towards her perceived duty as a wife and caretaker of the family.  For example, in the opening scene, Walter is...

In A Raisin in the Sun, Ruth handles Walter's rudeness with emotional support.

Similar to her Biblical namesake, Hansberry constructs Ruth as a supportive and caring figure who handles Walter's rudeness.  Ruth does not contradict her husband when he is rude to her or her family.  Rather, she counters it with support, love, and devotion towards her perceived duty as a wife and caretaker of the family.  For example, in the opening scene, Walter is rude to Ruth because she does not immediately voice full throated support for his ideas:

Walter: See there, that just goes to show you what women understand about the world. Baby, don’t nothing happen for you in this world ‘less you pay somebody off!
Ruth: Walter, leave me alone! Eat your eggs, they gonna be cold.

Walter is fairly rude in making the assumption that Ruth does not understand the world.  Instead, she redirects him to eating.  Ruth fulfills what she sees as her duty as a wife.  She supports her husband by suggesting that he take care of himself and finish his meal.  She does not rebuke him or aggressively challenge him like her sister- in- law would.  Rather, her approach in dealing with his rude demeanor is to focus on her job as a caretaker of the family. Ruth is able to find a path beyond Walter's rudeness through her nurturing capacity.

Why is To Kill a Mockingbird sometimes considered by students to be a "boring" book?

For many students the depth and breadth of the topics discussed in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird can be rigorous. Many students are so accustomed to quick and intense deliveries of stories through movies and social media that they find it difficult to take the time to read for understanding, not just entertainment. To Kill a Mockingbird, as with many great works in literature, uses the art of language to increase the quality of storytelling. If a reader is patient, and knows how to look for interesting literary devices, a story can turn out better than one might have thought. For example, a good skill to acquire while reading is to find significance in the use of language, imagery, and symbolism behind what is being said rather than merely waiting for the next car chase or explosion to happen.

In order to enjoy To Kill a Mockingbird, focus on the interesting ways different conflicts rise up against the protagonists. Seek to find out how they tackle difficult issues such as racism, growing up under persecution, hypocrisy, and conquering two hundred-plus years of prejudice in under three-hundred pages.

Another challenge, that if met will enhance the quality of the reading, is to connect with the characters by placing yourself in their shoes. How would you react to the difficult challenges that they face? How would you react if you were attacked by a psychotic man on Halloween night and saved by the town's boogieman? What would you do if your teacher stood up in class and said Hitler's treatment of Jews is bad, but it's still alright to discriminate against African Americans? These are all very profound questions, that if honestly explored, can create a very interesting read.

Some of the best advice, actually, comes from Atticus himself:

"First of all. . . if you can learn a simple trick, Scout, you'll get along a lot better with all kinds of folks. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view. . . until you climb into his skin and walk around in it" (30).

Maybe a reader can apply this advice to a book as well. Climb into the skin of a book and walk around in it for a while to determine what its purpose is. Determining how a book can be applied to one's own life and society today helps to increase its value and importance while also making it more interesting. 

Is mass marketing a viable way to grow a brand?

Mass marketing techniques are designed to reach the entire market without paying attention to market segments. Marketers have traditionally used television, radio, and newspapers in their mass marketing campaigns with the aim of converting a fraction of the entire market to buying customers.

Mass marketing is a viable brand development strategy depending on the type of product or service being handled. Some of the biggest brands known today such as Nike and Ford are as...

Mass marketing techniques are designed to reach the entire market without paying attention to market segments. Marketers have traditionally used television, radio, and newspapers in their mass marketing campaigns with the aim of converting a fraction of the entire market to buying customers.

Mass marketing is a viable brand development strategy depending on the type of product or service being handled. Some of the biggest brands known today such as Nike and Ford are as a result of effective mass marketing campaigns. Mass marketing has been employed in product launches because of its wide reach capability. The market, and more specifically potential customers, are instantly informed of the product’s existence and some of its features. The same mass marketing campaigns are later used to protect the product’s market share.

To date, Coca-Cola continues to run mass marketing campaigns throughout the world as part of their market share protection strategy in the beverages industry. Thus, mass marketing is not only viable in brand development but is also important in protecting the acquired brand value and market share.

Why does Tom behave so strangely in The Prince and the Pauper?

Tom Canty was born in a poor family. He was expected to beg for alms in the streets in order to supplement the family’s income; if he failed, he would be thrashed by his father and grandmother. He spent most of his time listening to Father Andrew, who told stories about a dreamlike world that only offered wonderful experiences. The stories offered Tom an opportunity to unleash his imagination. He started to explore the princely life which had such a strong impact on his character that he carried himself as such. His mannerisms and behavior resembled that of members of the royal court.

Finally, he got an opportunity to live like a real prince. However, all he had learned outside was not enough.

His old dreams had been so pleasant; but this reality was so dreary!

His lack of knowledge about princely duties and specific procedures concerning the royal court made him behave strangely.

Tom's next unconscious blunder was to get up and leave the table just when the chaplain had taken his stand behind his chair and with uplifted hands, and closed, uplifted eyes, was in the act of beginning the blessing.

He was unable to answer some of the questions, like the one asked by Lady Jane about his duty to the Queen.

“Hast paid thy duty to the Queen's majesty to-day, my lord?”
Tom hesitated, looked distressed, and was about to stammer out something at hazard, when lord St. John took the word and answered for him with the easy grace of a courtier accustomed to encounter delicate difficulties and to be ready for them—

Except for the basic Latin that he knew, Tom was completely out of place, and according to members of the court, he was going mad.

“Now were he impostor and called himself prince, look you that would be natural; that would be reasonable. But lived ever an impostor yet, who, being called prince by the king, prince by the court, prince by all, denied his dignity and pleaded against his exaltation? No! By the soul of St. Swithin, no! This is the true prince, gone mad!”

Why does Crooks say that George, Lennie, and Candy will never attain their dream of owning their own land?

Crooks is the black stable buck in Steinbeck's novella Of Mice and Men. Because of racism and segregation he lives by himself in a room in the barn. In chapter four most of the workers, including George, have gone into Soledad, leaving Lennie, Candy and Crooks behind. Lennie is in the barn playing with his puppy when he sees Crooks's light. He stands at the doorway, and despite initial protests, Crooks invites Lennie into...

Crooks is the black stable buck in Steinbeck's novella Of Mice and Men. Because of racism and segregation he lives by himself in a room in the barn. In chapter four most of the workers, including George, have gone into Soledad, leaving Lennie, Candy and Crooks behind. Lennie is in the barn playing with his puppy when he sees Crooks's light. He stands at the doorway, and despite initial protests, Crooks invites Lennie into the room. Lennie, as he often does, is soon talking about the rabbits he will take care of when he and George get their own place. Crooks scoffs at the idea that a worker could ever get his own land. He tells Lennie,

"Ever’body wants a little piece of lan’. I read plenty of books out here. Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. It’s just in their head. They’re all the time talkin’ about it, but it’s jus’ in their head.”

A little later when Candy, who is looking for Lennie, comes into Crooks's room he too announces that the three men will soon be getting their own place. When Candy tells Lennie they can make money on rabbits, Crooks again repeats his criticism:

“You guys is just kiddin’ yourself. You’ll talk about it a hell of a lot, but you won’t get no land. You’ll be a swamper here till they take you out in a box. Hell, I seen too many guys. Lennie here’ll quit an’ be on the road in two, three weeks. Seems like ever’ guy got land in his head.” 

Candy then claims that they even have the money, which he is contributing and the dream will soon be realized. Crooks is still disbelieving and questions the whereabouts of George. He says,

“An’ where’s George now? In town in a whorehouse. That’s where your money’s goin’. Jesus, I seen it happen too many times. I seen too many guys with land in their head. They never get none under their hand.” 

Eventually, however, Crooks is convinced that the dream is a possibility and even offers to join the men. He says,

“ . . . . If you . . . . guys would want a hand to work for nothing—just his keep, why I’d come an’ lend a hand. I ain’t so crippled I can’t work like a son-of-a- bitch if I want to.”

He is then appropriately interrupted by Curley's wife who is, of course, looking for Curley. She lashes out at Crooks when he asks her to leave and he ultimately lies to Candy about not wanting to join them. Not only is Crooks's dream destroyed by Curley's wife, but the other men's dream as well, as she is the cause of the tragedy which follows in chapter five and six.   

Scout is known to question authority throughout the novel To Kill a Mockingbird. Is Scout's attitude shaken when she faces the lynch mob outside of...

Scout is known to express her opinions, regardless of circumstances, and often challenges authority at various times throughout the novel. In Chapter 15, Scout follows her brother Jem on his search to check up on Atticus. They find Atticus sitting outside of Tom Robinson's jail cell reading the newspaper. Scout, Jem, and Dill watch as several vehicles arrive, and the men inside the vehicles get out. The men surround Atticus and begin having a discussion....

Scout is known to express her opinions, regardless of circumstances, and often challenges authority at various times throughout the novel. In Chapter 15, Scout follows her brother Jem on his search to check up on Atticus. They find Atticus sitting outside of Tom Robinson's jail cell reading the newspaper. Scout, Jem, and Dill watch as several vehicles arrive, and the men inside the vehicles get out. The men surround Atticus and begin having a discussion. Scout overhears Atticus say, "Do you really think so?" (Lee 202). Scout is curious as to what is happening and runs out from behind Tyndal's Hardware Store into the center of the circle. Initially, Scout is embarrassed because she doesn't recognize any of the men surrounding Atticus, and Atticus is shocked that his children are present. Atticus tells Jem to take Scout and Dill home, but Jem refuses. When a member of the mob grabs Jem by his shirt collar, Scout yells, "Don't you touch him!" and attempts to kick him in the shin (Lee 204). Scout aims "too high" and kicks him in his crotch. When Atticus tells her not to kick folks, Scout responds by saying, "Ain't nobody gonna do Jem that way" (Lee 204). Scout's actions prove that she is not "shaken" when she faces the lynch mob. She not only stands up for her brother by kicking a member of the mob in his crotch but also argues with Atticus as to why her actions were justified.

How do the kids on the Tangerine Middle School soccer team treat Paul?

At first, the team members treat Paul harshly. On Friday, September 22nd, Paul gets to play in a soccer game for Tangerine Middle. He’s surprised when the coach puts him into the game, being a weaker player, and at one point his teammate Victor gets into Paul’s face to yell “If we lose this game, you’re dead!”

Later, Victor apologizes to Paul for getting so intense about it, and he even offers friendship and protection...

At first, the team members treat Paul harshly. On Friday, September 22nd, Paul gets to play in a soccer game for Tangerine Middle. He’s surprised when the coach puts him into the game, being a weaker player, and at one point his teammate Victor gets into Paul’s face to yell “If we lose this game, you’re dead!”

Later, Victor apologizes to Paul for getting so intense about it, and he even offers friendship and protection to Paul, essentially bringing him onto the team in a solemn, official way. Victor calls Paul a cool nickname (“Fisher Man”) and seems genuine.

Paul is stunned and isn’t sure what to think. Seeing how intensely the game is played and treated, Paul still isn’t sure how he feels about the other members of the soccer team. His friend Joey asks him about it afterward, and all Paul can say is that the team is “super-focused on the game,” as if it’s a “life-or-death” situation.

But on Tuesday, September 26th, Paul gets to play in the game again when another player gets hurt. He does well, and his teammate Victor calls him “Fisher Man” again and gives him a high five. By this point, Paul feels like he belongs, and the teammates treat him like a close friend, even a brother.

In Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, how does the end of Tom Robinson's trial affect Jem, Scout, and Calpurnia?

Tom Robinson's trial is covered in chapters 17-21 in Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. Jem and Scout watch all of the proceedings of the trial, and they are thoroughly engaged in it too. Jem feels as though is father, Atticus, proves that Tom could not have raped Mayella Ewell; therefore, he honestly believes that the jury must find the defendant not guilty. To Jem's disappointment, Tom is not acquitted of the charges; rather, he is convicted. Scout describes Jem's reaction as they leave the courthouse that night in the following passage:

"It was Jem's turn to cry. His face was streaked with angry tears as we made our way through the cheerful crowd. 'It ain't right,' he muttered, all the way to the corner of the square where we found Atticus waiting" (212).

Not only does Jem cry, but he loses a little bit of faith in humanity. Over the course of the months that follow, Jem has legal, social, and political discussions about the issues involved in the trial. Jem learns about reasonable men will sometimes act in the name of prejudice, and under social pressure, rather than support truth and justice, which is not a comfortable idea to realize.

Scout, on the other hand, is sad about the outcome of the trial, but she learns how to spot prejudice as a result of it. For example, Scout recognizes that her 3rd grade teacher, Miss Gates, is a hypocrite and a racist during a class discussion about the way Jews are treated by Hitler in Germany. When Scout goes home to talk about this with Jem in chapter 26, she reveals her quick mind as in the following passage:

"Well, coming out of the courthouse that night Miss Gates . . . was talking with Miss Stephanie Crawford. I heard her say it's time somebody taught 'em a lesson, they were gettin' way above themselves, an' the next thing they think they can do is marry us. Jem, how can you hate Hitler so bad an' then turn around and be ugly about folks right at home--" (247).

Scout makes the correct connection between how people are ugly to each other in Maycomb as Hitler is to Jews. She shows here that she is starting to see how people won't simply change because of the facts or logic. Consequently, Scout's understanding about people and life is maturing. Jem's response to Scout in this situation is less than mature because he is still upset over the outcome of the trial. He says the following:

"I never wanta hear about that courthouse again, ever, ever you hear me? You hear me? Don't you ever say one word to me about it again, you hear? Now go on!" (247).

As far as Calpurnia is concerned, not much is said about her opinions about the results of the trial. She shows up to work for Atticus and the children the next morning as usual. However, when she arrives at the house, she finds loads of food left on the back steps from people in the black community of Maycomb. Tom's father even sends over a chicken for Atticus and Calpurnia cooks it up for his breakfast. Then she asks Atticus if her community has overstepped its bounds, but he tells her to tell the people that he is grateful for their demonstration of appreciation. If Calpurnia is upset about the outcome of the trial, she doesn't show it negatively. She cooks up the chicken for breakfast, and by doing so, seems to show her own appreciation for Atticus taking Tom's trial seriously.

What is Scout's most important action in To Kill A Mockingbird?

Scout's most important action is her approaching and addressing Mr. Cunningham during the mob scene outside the jailhouse.

In Chapter 15 Scout hears her brother Jem in his bedroom. She knocks on his door, asking him what he is doing. "I'm goin' downtown for a while," he replies. Scout asks him why he is going at ten o'clock at night, but he is somewhat evasive. After their aunt's light goes out, the children sneak out and pick up Dill on the way. Jem tells Dill only that he just has "a feeling."

The children look first at Atticus's office, then in the bank. Finally, they decide to check Mr. Underwood's office which looks over the jail. They find Atticus sitting in front of the jail with a light over the door. Soon, the children witness a stream of dusty cars driving up. Men get out of these cars in pairs and surround Atticus, hiding him from the children's view. They speak in whispers: "He in there, Mr. Finch?" and "You know what we want."
But, Atticus only addresses Walter Cunningham, saying that they should depart, and that Heck Tate is around somewhere. But, another man contradicts Atticus, saying that Heck has been sent on a wild-goose chase.

When Scout hears her father say a familiar phrase used when he plays checkers and someone is about to make a bad move, she rushes forward, followed by Jem and Dill. Atticus shows fear when he sees the children, and a man tells Atticus to get the children out of there. When a burly man grabs Jem, Scout kicks him. As the tension rises, Scout looks at the men, then addresses one whom she recognizes,

"Hey, Mr. Cunningham. How's your entailment gettin' along?"

Mr. Cunningham is taken off guard by Scout's address. As he shifts his feet, Scout tells him who she is and that she goes to school with Walter, his son. Then, she continues talking about entailments, but becomes uncomfortable with so many people looking at her. Finally, the tension is broken as Mr. Cunningham kneels down and tells Scout that he will tell his son that she says "hello." Then, he orders the men to go: "Let's clear out....Let's get going."

After the mob leaves, Tom Robinson asks, "They gone?" [sic] Atticus assures him that they are. Soon, Mr. Underwood appears in his office window with a double-barreled shotgun in his arms. Clearly, Scout has diffused a very tense situation.

What is the summary of "Composed upon Westminster Bridge"?

In "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge," the poet is crossing Westminster Bridge into London during the very early morning. Wordsworth loved nature, but finds the beautiful, clear scene of the London skyline spread before him while he crosses the bridge as quiet and lovely as anything to be found in nature. The city is serene in the early morning, not yet awoken. He marvels over how still it is. 

More specifically, in the first three lines Wordsworth...

In "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge," the poet is crossing Westminster Bridge into London during the very early morning. Wordsworth loved nature, but finds the beautiful, clear scene of the London skyline spread before him while he crosses the bridge as quiet and lovely as anything to be found in nature. The city is serene in the early morning, not yet awoken. He marvels over how still it is. 

More specifically, in the first three lines Wordsworth says the city is so beautiful ("fair") that you would have to be a very callous person ("dull ... of soul") not to respond to its beauty. In the next two lines, he says the city wears its "silent" beauty like a garment laid on it. Its ships, domes and towers stand out "bright and glittering" in the clear air.

The next two lines note the sunlight falling as beautifully on the city as it would on any part of nature, be it rock, valley or hill. The poet shows his rising excitement over the stillness of the city in the last few lines. In line 11, he says he never saw or felt "a calm so deep!" and in lines 13 and 14, he again uses exclamation points as he notes the city's (he calls the city "that mighty heart") calm:

Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;

And all that mighty heart is lying still!

Given how busy and full of activity this major commercial city and center of empire usually is, it's no wonder Wordsworth is surprised at the calm.  If, however, you have ever been in a city or town in the early morning on a clear, sunny day, before the bustle and activity has begun, you know what Wordsworth is talking about. What he most marvels at is that this sort of serenity can exist in an urban area, not just in nature. 

How would you summarize the Prologue of Antigone by Sophocles?

In the Prologue of Antigoneby Sophocles, Antigone calls her sister, Ismene, out of the palace to speak to her. She wants to tell Ismene privately about Creon's edict that Polyneices, their brother, who died the day before, may not be buried, but Eteocles, their other brother, shall receive a proper interment. The two brothers both died in battle, with Eteocles defending Thebes and Polyneices trying to conquer it from without. With the male heirs...

In the Prologue of Antigone by Sophocles, Antigone calls her sister, Ismene, out of the palace to speak to her. She wants to tell Ismene privately about Creon's edict that Polyneices, their brother, who died the day before, may not be buried, but Eteocles, their other brother, shall receive a proper interment. The two brothers both died in battle, with Eteocles defending Thebes and Polyneices trying to conquer it from without. With the male heirs of Oedipus both dead, Creon finds himself the new ruler, and one of his first laws regards the burial or non-burial of the two brothers and the death sentence upon anyone who would violate his order. Antigone asks Ismene to help her bury Polyneices; Ismene will not, citing the fact that she is just a woman and is destined to obey "the stronger." Antigone lets her know that she will bury her brother, and Ismene assures her that, even though she disagrees with Antigone's errand, she still loves her.

The Prologue performs several important tasks for the drama. First, it gives critical backstory about the battle that killed Antigone's brothers. Second, it introduces the conflict, with Antigone stating that she must honor the gods' will above Creon's law. Third, it establishes Antigone's character as a strong, brave woman, especially compared to Ismene, who believes "we must remember, first, that we were born women, as who should not strive with men." Thus the feminist theme, another important part of the conflict, is introduced as well. 

How does the mechanical weathering (from wind) of a rock enhance the chemical weathering (by rain) of the rock?

Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller fragments. These weathered components may then be transported to different locations by the processes or erosion. Weathering can be classified as either mechanical or chemical, depending on whether physical forces are acting or chemical reactions are taking place, respectively.

Mechanical weathering can be caused by physical agents such as wind, frost, temperature, and abrasion. Chemical weathering can be caused by process such as...

Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller fragments. These weathered components may then be transported to different locations by the processes or erosion. Weathering can be classified as either mechanical or chemical, depending on whether physical forces are acting or chemical reactions are taking place, respectively.

Mechanical weathering can be caused by physical agents such as wind, frost, temperature, and abrasion. Chemical weathering can be caused by process such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and dissolution. These weathering processes also assist each other. For example, chemical reactions are more wide spread if more surface area is available for weathering. This can be made possible by mechanical weathering. If forces such as wind cause abrasions on a rock's surface and expose it more to other weathering agents, such as rain, hydrolysis (a process of chemical weathering) will take place over a larger surface area and a higher rate of weathering will be accomplished. 

Hope this helps. 

A model for the average price of a pound of white sugar in a certain country from August 1993 to August 2003 is given by the function...

Hello!

Of course all points where maximum and minimum are reached are the endpoints, `t=0` and `t=10,` and the points where `S'(t)=0.` But even the derivative has degree `4` and such an equation cannot be solved by hand.

But with the help of computers we can do this easily. I'll use desmos.com, it is free and shows maximums and minimums (mark the graph line by mouse).

Look at the picture attached and the link with...

Hello!

Of course all points where maximum and minimum are reached are the endpoints, `t=0` and `t=10,` and the points where `S'(t)=0.` But even the derivative has degree `4` and such an equation cannot be solved by hand.

But with the help of computers we can do this easily. I'll use desmos.com, it is free and shows maximums and minimums (mark the graph line by mouse).

Look at the picture attached and the link with the graph, https://www.desmos.com/calculator/setjq3krbu

It shows that the global minimum is at `t_1=0.878` and the global maximum is at `t_2=4.523.`

These are the times when sugar was cheapest and most expensive. You can estimate the corresponding dates using computer calendar.

How is "Give All to Love" a characteristic Transcendental poem, apart from the fact that there is no rhythm?

"Give All to Love" by Ralph Waldo Emerson is a characteristic Transcendental poem because it privileges love and inspiration above everything else. In the first stanza, the poet commands the reader to "obey thy heart" above everything else, including money, fame, plans, and other ideas. Transcendentalists such as Emerson believed, in a Romantic sense, in following one's own heart above the dictates of society, such as the need to make money, follow established paths, or...

"Give All to Love" by Ralph Waldo Emerson is a characteristic Transcendental poem because it privileges love and inspiration above everything else. In the first stanza, the poet commands the reader to "obey thy heart" above everything else, including money, fame, plans, and other ideas. Transcendentalists such as Emerson believed, in a Romantic sense, in following one's own heart above the dictates of society, such as the need to make money, follow established paths, or cultivate fame.

In the second stanza, Emerson says that of one's heart "'tis a God." Transcendental ideas of religion believed that one's religious guidance came from within, not from established religion. In order to achieve the divine, one had to follow one's own inspiration. Following one's own path, however, requires "courage stout," as Transcendentalists believed that knowing and following one's own mind was essential but could be difficult in a world in which conformity is prized.

In the final two stanzas, Emerson says that while one must "Leave all for love," one must also let the other go free if that is her/his intent. One must let others follow their inner paths in Transcendentalist thought, and, in doing so, one will draw closer to what is divine. 

Did Angel steal Mr. Stiles' truck in Buried Onions?

Gary Soto never explicitly answers this question nor does the reader ever find out if Angel killed Juan, as Norma suggests in the scene at her pool. It is all just "chisme" or gossip among those in the barrio where Eddie, the protagonist in the book, grows up. Eddie is not even sure if Angel is after him. Nevertheless he continues to imagine scenarios where Angel will pull the gun that was given to him...

Gary Soto never explicitly answers this question nor does the reader ever find out if Angel killed Juan, as Norma suggests in the scene at her pool. It is all just "chisme" or gossip among those in the barrio where Eddie, the protagonist in the book, grows up. Eddie is not even sure if Angel is after him. Nevertheless he continues to imagine scenarios where Angel will pull the gun that was given to him by Eddie's tía (aunt). Angel is not to be trusted and the two characters fight twice in the last two chapters. 

The only clue to whether Angel took Mr. Stiles's truck is when Eddie questions José about it in the hospital. José, Eddie's friend from high school who joined the Marines, went to claim the stolen truck when he was stabbed by "cholos." He tells Eddie he saw who they were but did not know them. This would lead one to believe that Angel was not involved. 

The fight between Eddie and Angel, however, is inevitable. Eddie is trying to break away from the poverty and violence which Angel represents. There is no ultimate victor in this battle but the last scene of the novel gives the reader hope as Eddie sheds the last of his "childhood tears" in the onion field.

What are some bad things Snowball does to harm Animal Farm?

Generally, Snowball appears to have the animals' best interests at heart and works hard to better the lives of all the animals. This desire is displayed in his indefatigable attempts at establishing various committees to educate the animals and ensure a better system for all. It is also reflected in his plans to build a windmill.

There are, however, some of his actions which can be deemed bad for the farm. Firstly, as a pig, he freely indulged in the privileges that the pigs claimed to the exclusion of the other animals. The milk and the windfall apples, for example, were to be equally divided according to the principles of Animalism. Snowball accepted these without protest. If he truly had all the animals' interests at heart, he would have objected against this obvious irregularity and demanded that the right thing be done. He did not. This neglect makes him equally guilty of creating an exclusive class. In this sense, he is just as conniving as Napoleon and his cronies.

The mystery of where the milk went to was soon cleared up. It was mixed every day into the pigs' mash. The early apples were now ripening, and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. The animals had assumed as a matter of course that these would be shared out equally; one day, however, the order went forth that all the windfalls were to be collected and brought to the harness-room for the use of the pigs. At this some of the other animals murmured, but it was no use. All the pigs were in full agreement on this point, even Snowball and Napoleon. Squealer was sent to make the necessary explanations to the others.

Secondly, although it was decided that the pigs should perform mental labor and not perform any physical work, Snowball failed to also point out the unfairness of such an approach. He should have played an active role in the performance of physical tasks. Instead, he accepted the role of seniority as easily as the other pigs and supervised and managed. Once again, the principle of equality was ignored.

The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others. With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership.

Furthermore, Snowball allowed propaganda and deceit to flourish, especially during the early days after the Rebellion. When Squealer went around to spread his lies, which obviously were to the pigs' advantage, he did not intervene. He was, therefore, just as deceitful and manipulative as the other pigs. Clearly, even though things were unfair or unjust, he did not do anything as long as he could benefit. It is this reticence that makes Snowball as complicit in the abuse of the general animal population as any of the other pigs.

From the above it should be pertinently clear that Snowball played a role in ensuring that the pigs develop a stature and position of superiority and exclusive privilege. Since he benefited as much as the other pigs, he deliberately neglected to apply checks and balances to ensure that the maxim "All animals are equal" was adhered to.

Snowball's indifference, in this regard, created an environment in which the pigs' demands and needs came first and laid the foundation for the later abuse and exploitation of the other animals by their supposedly superior comrades. This, ultimately, is what ruined everything for the general animal populace.

What are three literary devices used in "Gryphon" by Charles Baxter?

There are so many to choose from! I'll focus on three that I find most salient:

1. Imagery:

"Facing us, she was no special age—an adult is an adult—but her face had two prominent lines, descending vertically from the sides of her mouth to her chin. I knew where I had seen those lines before: Pinocchio. They were marionette lines."

When an author shows you exactly what something looks like, it's imagery. It not only makes for an engaging story but also gives you hints about the characters and/or the theme. The author could have written about any of the thousands of visual details in any real-life scene, especially this one, in a classroom with so many people, but he focuses on this visual image of the teacher's facial lines, which reminds the narrator of a puppet. Why? Probably because the narrator is so stupefied by his dull education that he automatically makes associations to bland, dull, lifeless things that are easily controlled, like puppets.

2. Symbol:

"I bit into my sloppy joe and stared blankly out the window. An almost invisible moon was faintly silvered in the daytime autumn sky."

A symbol in a story is an object (or an event, a color, and so on) that represent more than what it actually is. This adds interest and depth to the story. Here, the boy telling the story, Tommy, is listening to his bizarre and incredible substitute teacher and starting to realize that the world may not be all about facts, that facts may not be as simple as he's been taught. But he hasn't totally figured it out yet. He's just getting a glimpse of it. So, how perfect is it that at that moment, he catches a slight glimpse of the moon in the daytime sky? That moon represents the actual complexity of "facts" for Tommy, who may have just thoughtlessly memorized the fact that the sun shines during the day and the moon comes out at night.

3. Asyndeton:

"I was looking out the window at the farms along County Road H. I knew every barn, every broken windmill, every fence, every anhydrous ammonia tank, by heart."

Asyndeton is when the author purposefully leaves out the connecting words, such as "and." Instead of saying "every barn, every broken windmill, every fence, and every anhydrous ammonia tank," he leaves that word out. The result is that the thought expressed by Tommy right here becomes dramatic, serious, and tense. The asyndeton also helps express the extreme dullness and repetition of events and objects in his life. We hear Tommy thinking in the pattern "thing, thing, thing, thing" and we understand how monotonous his thinking and his life have been up until this point in the story.

Describe the Battle of the Cowshed in Animal Farm.

At the beginning of the novel, the animals become increasingly discontented due to Farmer Jones's drinking, which leads him to neglect them. Finally, the animals get hungry enough and angry enough to spontaneously rebel, driving Farmer Jones and his men off the farm.

As the animals expect, the humans fight back, and the animals name this fight The Battle of the Cowshed. The battle unfolds in an orderly way, for Snowball has studied the strategies...

At the beginning of the novel, the animals become increasingly discontented due to Farmer Jones's drinking, which leads him to neglect them. Finally, the animals get hungry enough and angry enough to spontaneously rebel, driving Farmer Jones and his men off the farm.

As the animals expect, the humans fight back, and the animals name this fight The Battle of the Cowshed. The battle unfolds in an orderly way, for Snowball has studied the strategies of Julius Caesar in preparation. First, the birds, pigeons and geese, meet the advancing men with an attack, from the air and the ground, then Muriel and Benjamin kick the men while the sheep butt the men. At this point, however, the men are winning and the animals have to retreat. Nevertheless, Snowball is well prepared and uses pigs and horses to cut off the men from the rear. Snowball himself runs straight at Farmer Jones, who shoots at him with a gun, grazing him and killing a sheep. But Snowball is so heavy he knocks Farmer Jones down and the farmer's gun flies from his hand. Then Boxer springs into action, rearing and kicking. He kills a "stable lad" and at that point, the frightened humans flee, pursuing by biting, kicking animals. The animals are victorious and give the battle its name.