Saturday, May 3, 2014

`-2, 1, 6, 13, 22, 33.....` Decide whether the sequence can be represented perfectly by a linear or a quadratic model. If so, then find the...

Firstly we need to determine whether the series is linear or quadratic. A linear sequence is a sequence of numbers in which there is a first difference between any consecutive terms is constant. However, a quadratic sequence is a sequence of numbers in which there is a second difference between any consecutive terms is constant. 

Let's determine if the above sequence has a first difference: 


`x_1 = T_2 - T_1 = 1 - (-2) = 3`


`x_2 = T_3 - T_2 = 6 - 1 = 5`


`x_3 = T_4 - T_3 = 13 - 6 = 7`


From above we observe there is no first difference, now let's determine the second difference: 


`x_2 - x_1 = 5 -3 = 2`


`x_3 - x_2 = 7 -5 = 2`


From above we observe that the second difference is constant. Therefore the sequence is perfectly quadratic.


Let's determine the quadratic model using the following formula: 


`T_n = an^2 + bn + c`


where: T_n = term value, ,n = term, variables: a,b,c


`2a` = second difference


`2a = 2`


`a = 1`


Let's find variable b: 


`3a + b =`  first difference between term 2 and term 1


`3(1) + b = 3` (substitute for a and first difference between term 2 and term1)


`b = 3-3 =0`


Lastly we are finding variable c: 


`a + b + c =` value of term 1


`1 + 0 + c = -2` (substitute for a, b and value of term 1


`c = -2 -1 = -3`


Now we have determined the variables, we can develop our model: 


`T_n = 1(n)^2 + 0(n) - 3 = n^2 - 3`


Let's double check our formula using term 4: 


`T_4 = (4)^2 - 3 = 16 -3 = 13`


SUMMARY: 


Sequence: Quadratic


Model: `T_n = n^2 - 3`

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